Continuous prevalence of VEB?3 extended?spectrum ??lactamase?producing <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> in a local river in gifu city, Japan

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance determinants are of great concern to human veterinary medicine worldwide. Extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL)-producing resistant broad-spectrum cephalosporins. ESBL-producing isolates, including those carrying blaCTX, blaPER, blaVEB, blaGES, have been reported from rivers in several countries.1 In a study performed 2018, using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we identified Aeromonas hydrophila K36 both blaVEB-3 (accession number: LC570768) blaCTX-M-14 LC570769) the surface water Ijira River flowing through Gifu City central Japan. We conducted longitudinal between April November 2019. ESBL producers were isolated collected at same site (Table 1), as described supporting information (Methods for isolation). genes found A. included blaVEB-3, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-3, blaGES-3. harboring was consistently all samples, except July, August, October 2019 1). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed seven clades (pulsotypes 1–7 [PT1–PT7]) having 90% pattern similarity; while most isolates classified PT3, divergent PTs observed after May (Figure S1). VEB-type Asian Although blaVEB has not Japan, VEB-3 be present water. Additionally, found. PFGE analysis 2018 PT1, which contained obtained Our results indicate long-term presence with or without CTX intermittently caviae blaCTX-M-3 August. Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae also isolated; E. (blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55) April, June, 2019, K. (blaCTX-M-15) August Sewage treatment facilities located downstream (approximately 3.5 km) sampling point; therefore, intermittent prevalence river might associated domestic animals, such companion food-producing animals. conclusion, this showed continuous multiple species river. The persistence environment poses risk due transfer via wild birds other locations supply plants. global action plan on antimicrobial promoted As proposed, need understand relationship trends use plants, environment, humans, animals.2-4 could contribute development One Health approach. These findings require validation research clarify source control their dissemination humans contig sequences strain deposited DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under following accession numbers: LC570768 LC570769. genes, blaGES-3 LC598227) blaPER-3 LC598226), caviae, respectively, databases. This supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant number 18H04073). would like thank Editage (www.editage.com) English language editing. authors declare that there no conflicts interest. Please note: publisher is responsible content functionality any supplied authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should directed corresponding author article.